NF A80-200-2-2005 焊接.焊工和装甲电镀焊接操作员的资格鉴定.第2部分:铝
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【英文标准名称】:Welding-Qualificationofweldersandofarmourplatingweldingoperators-Part2:aluminium.
【原文标准名称】:焊接.焊工和装甲电镀焊接操作员的资格鉴定.第2部分:铝
【标准号】:NFA80-200-2-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:2005-12-01
【实施或试行日期】:2005-12-20
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:J33
【国际标准分类号】:25_160_01
【页数】:16P;A4
【正文语种】:其他
【英文标准名称】:StandardMethodsofFireTestsforEvaluatingContributionofWallandCeilingInteriorFinishtoRoomFireGrowth
【原文标准名称】:评价墙壁和天花板内装修对室内火焰蔓延所起作用的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ANSI/NFPA286-2006
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2006
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国国家标准学会(US-ANSI)
【起草单位】:ANSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:试验;火焰表面传播;火焰技术
【英文主题词】:Firetechnology;Surfacespreadofflame;Testing
【摘要】:Developtestforroomcornerprocedures.
【中国标准分类号】:P16
【国际标准分类号】:13_220_40;13_220_50
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasuringHeatFluxUsingFlush-MountedInsertTemperature-GradientGages
【原文标准名称】:使用嵌装温度梯度表测量热通量的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME2683-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E21.08
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:heat-fluxgage;temperaturegradient;thermaltransport
【摘要】:Thepurposeofthistestmethodistomeasurethenetheatfluxtoorfromasurfacelocation.Formeasurementoftheradiantenergycomponenttheemissivityorabsorptivityofthesurfacecoatingofthegageisrequired.Whenmeasuringtheconvectiveenergycomponentthepotentialphysicalandthermaldisruptionsofthesurfacemustbeminimizedandcharacterized.Requisiteistoconsiderhowthepresenceofthegagealtersthesurfaceheatflux.Thedesiredquantityisusuallytheheatfluxatthesurfacelocationwithoutthepresenceofthegage.Temperaturelimitationsaredeterminedbythegagematerialproperties,themethodofmountingthesensingelement,andhowtheleadwiresareattached.Therangeofheatfluxthatcanbemeasuredandthetimeresponsearelimitedbythegagedesignandconstructiondetails.Measurementsofafractionof1kW/m2toabove10MW/m2areeasilyobtainedwithcurrentgages.Withthinfilmsensorsatimeresponseoflessthan10x03BC;sispossible,whilethickersensorsmayhaveresponsetimesontheorderof1s.Itisimportanttochoosethegagestyleandcharacteristicstomatchtherangeandtimeresponseoftherequiredapplication.Whendifferentialthermocouplesensorsareoperatedasspecifiedforone-dimensionalheatfluxandwithinthecorrespondingtimeresponselimitations,thevoltageoutputisdirectlyproportionaltotheheatflux.Thesensitivity,however,maybeafunctionofthegagetemperature.Themeasuredheatfluxisbasedonone-dimensionalanalysiswithauniformheatfluxoverthesurfaceofthegage.Measurementsofconvectiveheatfluxareparticularlysensitivetodisturbancesofthetemperatureofthesurface.Becausetheheat-transfercoefficientisalsoaffectedbyanynon-uniformitiesinthesurfacetemperature,theeffectofasmalltemperaturechangewithlocationisfurtheramplifiedasexplainedbyMoffatetal.(2)andDiller(3).Moreover,thesmallerthegagesurfacearea,thelargeristheeffectontheheattransfercoefficientofanysurfacetemperaturenon-uniformity.Therefore,surfacetemperaturedisruptionscausedbythegageshouldbekeptmuchsmallerthanthesurfacetoenvironmenttemperaturedifferencedrivingtheheatflux.Thisnecessitatesagoodthermalpathbetweenthesensorandthesurfaceintowhichitismounted.Ifthegageisnotwatercooled,agoodthermalpathwaytothesystemx2019;sheatsinkisimportant.Thegageshouldhaveaneffectivethermalconductivityasgreatorgreaterthanthesurroundingmaterial.Itshouldalsohavegoodphysicalcontactinsuredbyatightfitintheholeandamethodtotightenthegageintothesurface.AnexamplemethodusedtotightenthegagetothesurfacematerialisillustratedinFig.2.Thegagehousinghasaflangeandaseparatetighteningnuttappedintothesurfacematerial.Ifthegageiswatercooled,thethermalpathwaytotheplateislessimportant.Theheattransfertothegageentersthewaterastheheatsinkinsteadofthesurroundingplate.Consequently,thethermalresistancebetweenthegageandplatemayevenbeincreasedtodiscourageheattransferfromtheplatetothecoolingwater.Unfortunately,thismayalsoincreasethethermalmismatchbetweenthegageandsurroundingsurface.Fig.2showsaheatfluxgagemountedintoaplatewiththesurfacetemperatureofthegageofTsandthesurfacetemperatureofthesurroundingplateofTp.Aspreviouslydiscussed,adifferenceintemperaturebetweenthegageandplatemayalsoincreasethelocalheattransfercoefficientoverthegage.Thisamplifiesthemeasurementerror.Consequently,awelldesignedheatfluxgagewillkeepthetemperaturedifference........
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:17_200_10
【页数】:7P.;A4
【正文语种】:
